一產品材質

　　Product Material

　　沼氣干法脫硫設備的材質選擇直接影響設備壽命與脫硫穩定性，核心材質分為設備主體材質與脫硫劑材質兩類。

　　The material selection of biogas dry desulfurization equipment directly affects the equipment life and desulfurization stability. The core materials are divided into two categories: equipment main body material and desulfurizer material.

　　（一）設備主體材質

　　（1） Equipment body material

　　1.主流材質：以碳鋼、不銹鋼（如304不銹鋼）、玻璃纖維增強塑料（FRP）為主 。其中不銹鋼材質因耐腐蝕性能優異，在中高端設備中應用廣泛，如普新20L脫硫器便采用304不銹鋼鑄造；碳鋼需經防銹防腐處理，適用于預算有限的中小型項目；玻璃鋼則兼具耐腐蝕性與輕量化特點，適合潮濕環境。

　　1. Mainstream materials: mainly carbon steel, stainless steel (such as 304 stainless steel), and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP). Stainless steel material is widely used in mid to high end equipment due to its excellent corrosion resistance. For example, the Puxin 20L desulfurizer is made of 304 stainless steel casting; Carbon steel needs to undergo rust and corrosion prevention treatment, suitable for small and medium-sized projects with limited budgets; Fiberglass has both corrosion resistance and lightweight characteristics, making it suitable for humid environments.

　　2.標準要求：根據NY/T 4064-2021標準，塔體耐壓壓力不得小于10kPa，最小壁厚依材質不同分別為1mm（玻璃鋼）、2mm（不銹鋼）、4mm（碳鋼），且在10kPa壓力下24小時壓力變化應小于試驗壓力的3%。

　　2. Standard requirements: According to NY/T 4064-2021 standard, the pressure resistance of the tower body shall not be less than 10kPa, and the minimum wall thickness shall be 1mm (fiberglass), 2mm (stainless steel), and 4mm (carbon steel) depending on the material. The pressure change within 24 hours under 10kPa pressure shall be less than 3% of the test pressure.

　　3.輔助部件材質：進出氣管、閥門等接觸沼氣的部件多采用耐腐蝕塑料（如聚丙烯PP、聚乙烯PE）或不銹鋼，確保氣體輸送過程無泄漏、無腐蝕 。

　　3. Material of auxiliary components: Components such as inlet and outlet pipes, valves, etc. that come into contact with biogas are often made of corrosion-resistant plastics (such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene PE) or stainless steel to ensure no leakage or corrosion during gas transportation.

　　（二）脫硫劑材質

　　（2） Material of desulfurizer

　　1.核心類型：包括氧化鐵基材料、活性炭基材料及復合型脫硫劑。氧化鐵脫硫劑為行業主流，呈褐紅色圓柱狀固體，粒徑4mm~6mm，徑向抗壓碎強度不小于50N/cm，堆密度0.60~0.80kg/L；活性炭脫硫劑適合低濃度硫化氫處理，依賴物理吸附作用 ；復合型脫硫劑綜合兩者優勢，克服氧化鐵易粉化、活性炭依賴氧氣的缺點，脫硫精度可達98%以上。

　　1. Core types: including iron oxide based materials, activated carbon based materials, and composite desulfurizers. Iron oxide desulfurizer is the mainstream in the industry, appearing as a brownish red cylindrical solid with a particle size of 4mm~6mm, a radial crushing strength of not less than 50N/cm, and a bulk density of 0.60~0.80kg/L; Activated carbon desulfurizer is suitable for low concentration hydrogen sulfide treatment and relies on physical adsorption; The composite desulfurizer combines the advantages of both and overcomes the disadvantages of iron oxide being prone to pulverization and activated carbon relying on oxygen. The desulfurization accuracy can reach over 98%.

　　2.輔助成分：部分脫硫劑添加氧化鈣、氫氧化鈣等堿性成分增強反應活性，碳酸氫鈉則在SDS干法工藝中作為核心脫硫介質，高溫下分解為碳酸鈉與硫化氫反應 。二產品設計

　　2. Auxiliary components: Some desulfurizers add alkaline components such as calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to enhance reaction activity, while sodium bicarbonate serves as the core desulfurization medium in the SDS dry process, decomposing into sodium carbonate and reacting with hydrogen sulfide at high temperatures. Product Design

　　設備設計以“高效反應、安全運行、便捷維護”為核心，嚴格遵循行業標準與工況適配原則。

　　The equipment design is centered around "efficient response, safe operation, and convenient maintenance", strictly following industry standards and the principle of adapting to working conditions.

　　（一）核心設計參數

　　（1） Core design parameters

　　1.處理能力匹配：單塔處理量通常為5~50立方米/小時，對應發酵容積按NY/T 4064-2021標準配置，例如小型戶用沼氣池適配100~500L有效容積的脫硫塔 。

　　1. Processing capacity matching: The processing capacity of a single tower is usually 5-50 cubic meters per hour, and the corresponding fermentation volume is configured according to the NY/T 4064-2021 standard. For example, a small household biogas digester is suitable for a desulfurization tower with an effective volume of 100-500L.

　　2.流體力學設計：沼氣通過脫硫劑的平均線速度控制在25mm/s以內，進出氣管內流速宜為15m/s，確保氣體與脫硫劑充分接觸（接觸時間2~3min），同時控制壓力降小于200Pa。

　　2. Fluid dynamics design: The average linear velocity of biogas passing through the desulfurizer should be controlled within 25mm/s, and the flow velocity in the inlet and outlet pipes should be 15m/s to ensure sufficient contact between the gas and the desulfurizer (contact time 2-3 minutes), while controlling the pressure drop to be less than 200Pa.

　　3.安全性能設計：耐壓等級不低于10kPa，配備安全泄壓設備、放散管及壓力監測裝置，塔體設觀察窗便于直觀監測脫硫劑狀態。

　　3. Safety performance design: The pressure resistance level shall not be less than 10kPa, equipped with safety relief equipment, relief pipes, and pressure monitoring devices. The tower body shall be equipped with observation windows for intuitive monitoring of the desulfurizer status.

　　（二）智能化設計趨勢

　　（2） The trend of intelligent design

　　頭部企業逐步引入智能控制系統，2024年智能化設備市場滲透率已達32.6%。高端設備具備遠程監控、硫化氫濃度實時監測及自動調節功能，可根據沼氣成分波動優化運行參數。

　　Top enterprises are gradually introducing intelligent control systems, and the market penetration rate of intelligent devices has reached 32.6% by 2024. High end equipment has remote monitoring, real-time monitoring of hydrogen sulfide concentration, and automatic adjustment functions, which can optimize operating parameters based on fluctuations in biogas composition.

　　（三）適配性設計

　　（3） Adaptive design

　　針對不同工況優化結構，如干旱地區設備強化保濕設計，高粉塵沼氣項目配套前置顆粒過濾器，高濃度場景采用多塔串聯設計。三結構特點

　　Optimize the structure for different working conditions, such as enhancing moisture retention design for equipment in arid areas, supporting pre particle filters for high dust biogas projects, and adopting multi tower series design for high concentration scenarios. Three structural characteristics

　　沼氣干法脫硫設備結構簡潔緊湊，核心圍繞“反應腔-輔助系統”構建，主流為固定床結構。

　　The structure of the biogas dry desulfurization equipment is simple and compact, with the core built around the "reaction chamber auxiliary system", and the mainstream is the fixed bed structure.

　　（一）核心結構組成

　　（1） Core structure composition

　　1.塔體主體：包括支架、密封式腔體及進出氣接口，腔體底部設排水管或自動排水裝置，內壁光滑無毛刺以減少氣體阻力 。2.反應功能區：核心為脫硫劑填充層，由支撐板承載（支撐板孔徑小于脫硫劑粒徑），填料層厚度通常為0.3~0.8m，部分設備采用多層填充優化反應路徑。3.輔助監測區：標配壓力表、溫度表、進氣/出氣采樣口，高端機型集成在線分析儀，實時顯示脫硫效率。

　　1. Tower body: including brackets, sealed chambers, and inlet and outlet interfaces. The bottom of the chamber is equipped with drainage pipes or automatic drainage devices, and the inner wall is smooth and free of burrs to reduce gas resistance. 2. Reaction functional zone: The core is the desulfurizer filling layer, which is supported by a support plate (with a pore size smaller than the desulfurizer particle size). The thickness of the filling layer is usually 0.3~0.8m, and some equipment uses multi-layer filling to optimize the reaction path. 3. Auxiliary monitoring area: equipped with pressure gauge, temperature gauge, intake/exhaust sampling port, high-end models integrate online analyzer, real-time display of desulfurization efficiency.

　　（二）典型結構配置

　　（2） Typical structural configuration

　　1.單塔結構：適用于小型項目（處理量＜20m?/h），結構簡單、占地面積小，如普新20L脫硫器僅適配15立方米沼氣系統 。2.雙塔并聯結構：采用“一用一備”設計，可實現脫硫劑更換與再生期間連續運行，再生后的脫硫劑經篩選去除粉末后重新裝填。3.集成式結構：部分設備整合脫水、過濾與脫硫功能，如250升集成式脫硫脫水設備，減少系統占地面積與安裝復雜度。四工藝組成

　　1. Single tower structure: Suitable for small projects (processing capacity<20m ?/h), with a simple structure and small footprint. For example, the Puxin 20L desulfurizer is only suitable for a 15 cubic meter biogas system. 2. Twin tower parallel structure: Adopting a "one in use, one backup" design, it can achieve continuous operation during the replacement and regeneration of desulfurizer. The regenerated desulfurizer is screened to remove powder and then refilled. 3. Integrated structure: Some equipment integrates dehydration, filtration, and desulfurization functions, such as a 250 liter integrated desulfurization and dehydration equipment, reducing system footprint and installation complexity. Four process components

　　干法脫硫工藝屬沼氣預處理核心環節，通常與后續系統銜接，形成完整凈化鏈。

　　The dry desulfurization process belongs to the core link of biogas pretreatment and is usually connected with subsequent systems to form a complete purification chain.

　　（一）核心工藝單元

　　（1） Core process unit

　　1.預處理單元：包括氣水分離器（去除沼氣中水分，控制濕度適配脫硫劑活性）與顆粒過濾器（攔截雜質，避免堵塞脫硫劑孔隙）。2.脫硫反應單元：以脫硫塔為核心，沼氣經下進上出或水平流方式穿過脫硫劑床層，完成硫化氫吸附與化學反應 。3.后置處理單元：部分項目配置粉塵過濾器，去除脫硫過程產生的固體顆粒，避免污染后續發電或提純設備。

　　1. Preprocessing unit: including a gas water separator (removing moisture from biogas, controlling humidity to adapt to desulfurizer activity) and a particle filter (intercepting impurities to avoid clogging desulfurizer pores). 2. Desulfurization reaction unit: With the desulfurization tower as the core, biogas passes through the desulfurizer bed in a downward and upward or horizontal flow manner, completing hydrogen sulfide adsorption and chemical reaction. 3. Post processing unit: Some projects are equipped with dust filters to remove solid particles generated during the desulfurization process, avoiding pollution to subsequent power generation or purification equipment.

　　（二）系統銜接流程

　　（2） System connection process

　　沼氣從厭氧發酵裝置產出后，經水封與氣柜緩存，由風機加壓進入干法脫硫系統，凈化后（H?S≤50ppm）可直接用于發電，或進入脫碳、壓縮單元制備生物天然氣。五工作原理

　　After biogas is produced from anaerobic fermentation equipment, it is sealed with water and stored in a gas tank. It is pressurized by a fan and enters the dry desulfurization system. After purification (H ? S ≤ 50ppm), it can be directly used for power generation or enter decarbonization and compression units to prepare biogas. Five working principles

　　干法脫硫基于“干式氧化法”原理，通過固體脫硫劑的化學吸附或催化氧化作用去除硫化氫，核心分為反應與再生兩個階段。

　　Dry desulfurization is based on the principle of "dry oxidation method", which removes hydrogen sulfide through chemical adsorption or catalytic oxidation of solid desulfurizer. The core is divided into two stages: reaction and regeneration.

　　（一）核心反應過程

　　（1） Core reaction process

　　1.氧化鐵脫硫劑：通過化學反應實現脫硫，氧化鐵（Fe?O?）與硫化氫（H?S）反應生成硫化鐵（Fe?S?），反應式為Fe?O? + 3H?S = Fe?S? + 3H?O，當脫硫劑由棕紅色變為黑色時表明接近飽和 。2.活性炭脫硫劑：依靠物理吸附作用捕獲硫化氫分子，適合處理濃度低于1000ppm的沼氣，吸附飽和后需高溫再生 。3.復合型脫硫劑：兼具化學反應與物理吸附雙重機制，部分硫化氫與氧化鐵反應，部分直接轉化為單質硫，脫硫精度可達99%。

　　1. Iron oxide desulfurizer: desulfurization is achieved through chemical reactions, where iron oxide (Fe ? O3) reacts with hydrogen sulfide (H ? S) to form iron sulfide (Fe ? S3). The reaction equation is Fe ? O3+3H ? S=Fe ? S3+3H ? O. When the desulfurizer changes from brownish red to black, it indicates near saturation. 2. Activated carbon desulfurizer: It relies on physical adsorption to capture hydrogen sulfide molecules and is suitable for treating biogas with a concentration below 1000ppm. After adsorption saturation, it needs to be regenerated at high temperature. 3. Composite desulfurizer: It has a dual mechanism of chemical reaction and physical adsorption. Some hydrogen sulfide reacts with iron oxide, and some is directly converted into elemental sulfur. The desulfurization accuracy can reach 99%.

　　（二）脫硫劑再生機制

　　（2） Regeneration mechanism of desulfurizer

　　氧化鐵脫硫劑飽和后可離線再生，通過撒水并接觸空氣，使硫化鐵氧化為氧化鐵和單質硫，再生溫度控制在70℃以下，可再生次數不超過3次；活性炭則需通過高溫（200~300℃）解析再生，恢復吸附能力 。六產品耗材

　　After saturation with iron oxide desulfurizer, it can be regenerated offline by sprinkling water and contacting with air to oxidize iron sulfide into iron oxide and elemental sulfur. The regeneration temperature is controlled below 70 ℃, and the number of regenerations does not exceed 3 times; Activated carbon needs to be regenerated through high-temperature (200-300 ℃) decomposition to restore its adsorption capacity. Six product consumables

　　耗材成本是設備運行的主要支出，核心為脫硫劑，輔助耗材占比極低。

　　The cost of consumables is the main expense for equipment operation, with the core being desulfurizers and the proportion of auxiliary consumables being extremely low.

　　（一）核心耗材：脫硫劑

　　（1） Core consumables: desulfurizer

　　1.類型與用量：主流為氧化鐵脫硫劑，單塔裝填量依處理規模而定，如20L脫硫器配置18公斤脫硫劑；活性炭脫硫劑用量需根據吸附容量計算，通常比氧化鐵高20%~30%。2.更換周期：受硫化氫濃度、處理量影響，常規工況下氧化鐵脫硫劑更換周期約6個月，高濃度場景（H?S＞2%）需縮短至1~2個月，可通過公式T=1000ρVf/(2167QCs)精確計算（T為更換時間，Q為產氣量，Cs為硫化氫含量）。3.成本區間：氧化鐵脫硫劑單價約1.5~3元/公斤，活性炭約8~15元/公斤，中小型項目年耗材成本通常在5000~2萬元 。

　　1. Type and dosage: The mainstream is iron oxide desulfurizer, and the loading capacity of a single tower depends on the processing scale. For example, a 20L desulfurizer is equipped with 18kg of desulfurizer; The dosage of activated carbon desulfurizer needs to be calculated based on the adsorption capacity, usually 20% to 30% higher than that of iron oxide. 2. Replacement cycle: Due to the influence of hydrogen sulfide concentration and processing capacity, the replacement cycle of iron oxide desulfurizer under normal working conditions is about 6 months. In high concentration scenarios (H ? S>2%), it needs to be shortened to 1-2 months, which can be accurately calculated by the formula T=1000 ρ Vf/(2167QCs) (T is the replacement time, Q is the gas production, Cs is the hydrogen sulfide content). 3. Cost range: The unit price of iron oxide desulfurizer is about 1.5-3 yuan/kg, activated carbon is about 8-15 yuan/kg, and the annual consumable cost of small and medium-sized projects is usually 50-20000 yuan.

　　（二）輔助耗材

　　（2） Auxiliary consumables

　　1.過濾器濾芯：前置顆粒過濾器濾芯每3~6個月更換一次，單價50~200元/個。2.密封件：進出氣接口密封墊每年更換一次，確保設備氣密性。七應用場景

　　1. Filter cartridge: The pre particulate filter cartridge is replaced every 3-6 months, with a unit price of 50-200 yuan/piece. 2. Seals: The sealing gasket of the inlet and outlet interfaces should be replaced once a year to ensure the airtightness of the equipment. Seven application scenarios

　　設備應用覆蓋沼氣資源化全領域，依處理規模與純度要求呈現差異化適配。

　　The equipment application covers the entire field of biogas resource utilization, and presents differentiated adaptation according to the processing scale and purity requirements.

　　（一）農業領域

　　（1） In the field of agriculture

　　1.適用場景：農村戶用沼氣池、中小型畜禽養殖場（存欄量＜5000頭）。2.適配原因：處理量小（5~20m?/h）、硫化氫濃度中等（0.5%~1%），設備投資低（3~5萬元/套），維護簡便，契合農業項目需求 。3.典型案例：養豬場沼氣用于場內供暖，配套單塔干法脫硫設備，脫硫效率95%以上。

　　1. Applicable scenarios: rural household biogas digesters, small and medium-sized livestock and poultry farms (with a stock of less than 5000 heads). 2. Adaptation reasons: Small processing capacity (5-20m ?/h), moderate hydrogen sulfide concentration (0.5%~1%), low equipment investment (30000~50000 yuan/set), easy maintenance, suitable for agricultural project needs. 3. Typical case: Biogas from pig farms is used for on-site heating, equipped with single tower dry desulfurization equipment, with a desulfurization efficiency of over 95%.

　　（二）工業領域

　　（2） Industrial sector

　　1.適用場景：酒廠、造紙廠、食品加工廠等工業有機廢水厭氧處理項目。2.適配原因：可處理中等規模沼氣（20~50m?/h），部分工業場景需深度脫硫（H?S≤50ppm）以保護發電設備，采用“干法粗脫+精脫”串聯工藝。3.技術要求：需適配沼氣成分波動大的特點，部分設備配備自動調節系統。

　　1. Applicable scenarios: Industrial organic wastewater anaerobic treatment projects such as distilleries, paper mills, and food processing plants. 2. Adaptation reason: It can handle medium-sized biogas (20~50m ?/h), and some industrial scenarios require deep desulfurization (H ? S ≤ 50ppm) to protect power generation equipment. The "dry coarse desulfurization+fine desulfurization" series process is adopted. 3. Technical requirements: It is necessary to adapt to the characteristics of large fluctuations in biogas composition, and some equipment should be equipped with automatic adjustment systems.

　　（三）市政與環保領域

　　（3） Municipal and environmental protection fields

　　1.適用場景：污水處理廠沼氣回收、小型垃圾填埋場沼氣處理。2.適配原因：環保要求嚴格，干法脫硫無二次污染，可與后續生物天然氣提純系統銜接；污水處理廠沼氣濕度高，設備需強化排水設計。3.局限說明：大型垃圾填埋場（沼氣量＞100m?/h）因硫化氫濃度高（＞3%），通常以濕法為主，干法作為精脫補充 。

　　1. Applicable scenarios: biogas recovery in sewage treatment plants, biogas treatment in small landfill sites. 2. Adaptation reasons: Strict environmental requirements, dry desulfurization without secondary pollution, can be connected with subsequent biological natural gas purification systems; The biogas humidity in the sewage treatment plant is high, and the equipment needs to strengthen drainage design. 3. Limitations: Large scale landfill sites (with biogas capacity>100m ?/h) usually use wet methods as the main method due to high hydrogen sulfide concentration (>3%), with dry methods as a supplement for refined desulfurization.

　　（四）特殊場景

　　（4） Special Scene

　　在水資源匱乏、空間有限的偏遠地區，干法脫硫因無需液體試劑、占地面積小的優勢成為首選，如西北農村沼氣集中供氣項目。八品牌綜合分析

　　In remote areas with scarce water resources and limited space, dry desulfurization has become the preferred method due to its advantages of not requiring liquid reagents and occupying a small area, such as the Northwest Rural Biogas Concentrated Gas Supply Project. Comprehensive analysis of eight brands

　　市場呈現“國內主導、高端進口補充”的競爭格局，品牌差異集中在技術實力與服務能力。

　　The market presents a competitive pattern of "domestic dominance and high-end import supplementation", with brand differences concentrated in technical strength and service capabilities.

　　（一）國內品牌陣營

　　（1） Domestic brand camp

　　1.技術領先型：①山東綠環環保科技：研發投入占營收8.5%，主攻新型脫硫劑與智能化設備，產品脫硫效率達98%以上，智能化機型市場占有率居前，服務于工業與市政大型項目。②騰龍重工：從油田脫硫延伸至沼氣領域，采用鈣基干法工藝，設備脫硫效率95%以上，擅長定制化解決方案，在華北地區大中型養殖場市場認可度高。

　　1. Technology leading type: ① Shandong Green Environmental Protection Technology: R&D investment accounts for 8.5% of revenue, focusing on new desulfurizers and intelligent equipment, with a desulfurization efficiency of over 98% and a leading market share in intelligent models, serving large-scale industrial and municipal projects. ② Tenglong Heavy Industry: Extending from oilfield desulfurization to biogas field, adopting calcium based dry process technology, with equipment desulfurization efficiency of over 95%, specializing in customized solutions, and highly recognized in the market of large and medium-sized breeding farms in North China.

　　2.性價比型：①山東恒能環保：專注中小型設備，主打碳鋼材質脫硫塔，價格區間3~8萬元/套，配套完善的脫硫劑更換服務，農村市場占有率領先 。②普新環保：以小型集成式設備為核心，20L不銹鋼脫硫器等產品適配戶用與小型項目，價格親民且便于移動安裝。

　　2. Cost effective type: ① Shandong Hengneng Environmental Protection: focusing on small and medium-sized equipment, specializing in carbon steel desulfurization towers, with a price range of 30000 to 80000 yuan/set, and complete desulfurization agent replacement services, leading the rural market share. ② PuXin Environmental Protection: With small integrated equipment as the core, 20L stainless steel desulfurizer and other products are suitable for household use and small projects, with affordable prices and easy to move and install.

　　（二）國外品牌陣營

　　（2） Foreign brand camp

　　①代表品牌：西門子、威立雅等，主打高端市場，產品集成化程度高，脫硫精度可達99.5%以上，適配生物天然氣提純等嚴苛場景。②競爭特點：價格高昂（單套15~30萬元），但技術穩定性強，服務周期長，主要服務于外資企業或國家級重大項目。

　　① Representative brands: Siemens, Veolia, etc., focusing on the high-end market, with high product integration and desulfurization accuracy of over 99.5%, suitable for harsh scenarios such as biological natural gas purification. ② Competitive characteristics: High price (150000 to 300000 yuan per set), strong technical stability, long service cycle, mainly serving foreign-funded enterprises or national level major projects.

　　（三）市場競爭關鍵維度

　　（3） Key dimensions of market competition

　　1.價格區間：國內品牌3~15萬元/套，國外品牌15~30萬元/套，價格受處理規模、自動化程度影響顯著。2.核心競爭力：頭部企業以“技術+服務”取勝，如新型脫硫劑與遠程運維服務；中小品牌依賴性價比與區域渠道優勢。3.發展趨勢：隨著雙碳政策推進，具備低耗脫硫劑、智能控制、再生技術的品牌將占據更多市場份額。

　　1. Price range: Domestic brands range from 30000 to 150000 yuan per set, while foreign brands range from 150000 to 300000 yuan per set. The price is significantly affected by processing scale and automation level. 2. Core competitiveness: Leading enterprises win with "technology+service", such as new desulfurizers and remote operation and maintenance services; Small and medium-sized brands rely on cost-effectiveness and regional channel advantages. 3. Development trend: With the promotion of the dual carbon policy, brands with low consumption desulfurizers, intelligent control, and regeneration technology will occupy more market share.

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